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The "anti-rust code" of stainless steel plates: How does chromium element give steel plates an "invisible armor"?

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2025-06-19

The core of stainless steel plate is the passivation film formed by chromium.

The core of stainless steel plate is the passivation film formed by chromium. When the chromium content is ≥10.5%, a dense Cr₂O₃ oxide film will be formed on the surface of the steel plate, like a "molecular shield" to prevent oxygen from contacting iron. This article analyzes the formation principle of the passivation film from a microscopic perspective: Why does insufficient chromium content lead to "rust"? How does the addition of nickel (such as 304 stainless steel containing 8%-10% nickel) enhance the stability of the passivation film? By comparing the performance of 201 stainless steel (low chromium and low nickel) and 316 stainless steel (high chromium and high nickel) in salt spray tests (201 has rust spots in 72 hours, and 316 can last for more than 1000 hours), the essence of "composition determines corrosion resistance" is revealed. At the same time, the damage mechanism of the passivation film in special environments (such as strong acid and high temperature) is discussed, as well as how to repair the passivation film through surface treatment (such as electrolytic polishing).

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